Shore temple the shore temple of mahabalipuram is a complex of three shrines with accessory mandapas, prakaraenclosures and gopura entrances. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania. Hindu temple architecture as the main form of hindu architecture has many varieties of style, though the basic nature of the hindu temple remains the same, with the essential feature an inner sanctum, the garbha griha or wombchamber, where the primary murti or the image of a deity is housed in a simple bare cell. The two other prominent modes or styles are the dravida or dravidian of south india and the nagara of north india. The deccani style, vasara, tended to be an intermixture of the northern and the southern, with early examples at vatapi, aihole, and pattadakal and, later, at halebid, belur, and somnathpur in the vicinity of mysore.
Find out short notes on the difference between dravida and nagara style of architecture which is very useful for the competitive examinations like. Durga temple at aihole, karnataka is a prominent example of vesara style temple. Vesara is a combination of features from these two temple styles, and its own original characteristics. The town displays both dravidian southern and the nagara northern, indoaryan styles of temple architecture. The style of architecture has not just rised by itself and it took. The vesara style contains elements of both dravida and nagara styles. The shape of the main temple tower is known as vimana shikhara in nagara style. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal. The group of 8th century ce monuments in pattadakal are the culmination of the earliest experiments in the vesara style of hindu temple architecture. Chalukya architecture is also called the precursor of hoysala art.
The chalukyan or the vesara style cannot be said to have an independent origin of its own but it represents an outgrowth of earlier dravidian style. The third category is called dravida style found in south india. Around this chamber there are often other structures and buildings, in the. It has features of both the nagara and dravidian style of temple architecture. It is the hindu temple where the contact between man and gods take place and it is also where a man progresses from the world of illusion to knowledge and truth and thus, a temple is not only a place to worship but an object to worship as well michell 6162. Dec 19, 2016 a visual glossary of hindu architecture. Many distinctive features that we find in the architecture today developed throughout the long period of indian history. First part of the body should talk about the common features of both vesara and nagar style. The term was used by ancient writers, but possibly not with t. Mar 25, 2019 find out short notes on the difference between dravida and nagara style of architecture which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc, state services, nda, cds, and. Mention the distinctive features of vesara style and discuss how it developed under the chalukyas and the hoysalas describing the architecture of one temple of each dynasty. Hindu temple architecture has broadly been classified as nagara or the north indian style, dravia or the south indian style, and vesara which contains elements of both.
Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Chalukyan architecture is a combination of nagara and dravida and hence a perfect example for vesara architecture. Ncert notes temple architecture and sculpture part1. Content very suitable for scholars interested in indian architecture. The vesara style if defined as beginning only with the western chalukyas in the late 10thcentury contains elements of both dravida and nagara styles. May 01, 2016 mention the distinctive features of vesara style and discuss how it developed under the chalukyas and the hoysalas describing the architecture of one temple of each dynasty. What are the different temple architectural styles found. It has spire shaped structure on top known as the shikhara. But of course, this style didnt take birth all of a sudden. The next part should focus about the common features of vesara and dravida style.
Jun 26, 2015 the origin of the hindu temple is said to be the ancient basic circle of stones within which one cherished holy relics, human or divine. Flatroofed square temples initial temple were square in shape and flat roof and also built on low platforms. Temple number xvii at tower sanchi square temple nachna temples are dated to the 5th or 6th century gupta empire era. Temples styles in north india nagara style ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style. Vesara style of architecture this is the name given to an architectural style that evolved in karnataka during the medieval centuries and combined both the nagara and the dravida styles. Mention the distinctive features of vesara style and discuss. Temple architecture in india art and culture notes for upsc. Nagara is the style of temple architecture which became popular in northern india. Temple architecture in india can be classified into three broad styles nagara, dravida and vesara. Vesara style temple architecture hindu temples in india. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples. The front wall has an entrance gateway in its centre, which is known as gopura gopuram.
Vesara style is basically a fusion of nagara and dravida styles and not very defined. The extreme creative curiosity of chalukyas created marvellous pieces of architecture by experimenting with different styles and forms. In particular the shape of the superstructure over the sanctum is usually pyramidal in profile, and shorter than the northern shikhara tower. Each region of india has given rise to a unique style of temple architecture due to the availability of stone and other material and in. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. Briefly introduce vesara style and how it was a mix of both nagara style and dravida style. Oct 20, 2016 temple architecture of india, cave temples, rock cut temple, structural temple, nagara, dravida, vesara style, pallava, ellora. The vesara style has characteristics of both the northern as well as dravidian temple architecture.
Papanatha temple, pattadakal pattadakal is a town in the. The canonical silpa texts like mayamata, tantrasamuchchaya, suprabhedagama refer to the nagara, the vesara, and the dravida styles of temples. It is a hybridized style formed by combining features of both dravida and nagara style of temple architecture. The vesara style is also described in some texts as the central indian temple architecture style or deccan architecture. Vesara is one of a number of terms for a distinct stylistic tradition of indian hindu temple architecture primarily used in the deccan, parts of north india and central india, between the vindhyas and the river krishna vk agnihotri, indian history, p. The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern india is known as. It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. Accordingly, the vesara style contain elements of both dravida and nagara styles. Nov 26, 2015 three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style. Sculptures, iconography and ornamentation iconography is a branch of art history which studies the images of deities.
Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple. Nagara style architecture of orissa the development of the nagara style took place in orissa from the 7th to th century a. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. The orissan temple architecture ranging from 7th to th century a. Mention the distinctive features of vesara style and. Brief notes on the nagara, vesara, and dravida styles of. Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint presentation. If one has to chronologically trace various architectural styles, it was the vesara style which came into being before the various nagara styles. A visual glossary of hindu architecture ancient history. Influence of nagara tradition the plan of shrine, subsidiary shrine, panchayatan style bears similarity to nagara school. The basic elements that comprise a hindu temple are given below. This is the vesara style or the chalukyan style of temple architecture.
Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam the shilpashastras or architectural texts written in the early medieval period refer to three major styles of temple architecture in india. The two other prominent modes or styles are the dravida or dravidian of. Vesara style of temple architecture flourished under the later chalukya rulers in the 7th century a. At times, the vesara style of temples as an independent style created through the mixing of nagara and dravida orders. Dravia or the south indian style, and vesara which contains elements of both. In many temples, the latina type is used to house the garbhagriha whereas the mandapa has a phamsana style of architecture. What is the difference between dravida and nagar style of. Temple architecture in india ncert notes pdf download.
The classification is made according to the shape and the nagara style is defined as being quadrangular all over, from the base to the shikhara. Vesara is a distinct stylistic tradition of indian hindu temple architecture primarily used in the deccan and central india, between the vindhyas and the river krishna. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design. Jul 29, 2017 this is the vesara style or the chalukyan style of temple architecture. What are the features of temple architecture contrasted. The vesara style also called the chalukyan type possessed the dravidian vimana and the nagara type faceted walls.
Nagara, dravida and vesara temple architectural style along. This style reduces the height of the individual tiers without reducing their number resulting in a reduction in the height of the temple towers. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. Aug 11, 2016 vesara style is basically a fusion of nagara and dravida styles and not very defined. These style is also called as the deccan style as most of the temples of this temple architecture style are found in deccan region. However many historian agree that the vesara style originated in the what is today karnataka. It has, therefore, probably more temples than in all the rest of northern india. In this megaarticle, we shall discuss about the indian temple architecture and sculpture in detail. Gs art and culture temple architecture upsc preparation. In this article, you can read all about the indian temple architecture, its types and points to remember for the ias exam with respect to temple architecture. Temple architecture of india, cave temples, rock cut temple, structural temple, nagara, dravida, vesara style, pallava, ellora, temple architecture of india, cave temples, rock cut temple, structural temple, nagara, dravida, vesara style, pallava, ellora. What are the features of temple architecture contrasted with. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain.
Vesara is one of a number of terms for a distinct stylistic tradition of indian hindu temple architecture primarily used in the deccan, parts of north india and central india, between the vindhyas and the river krishna. Temples styles in north india nagara style iasmania civil. They were designated a world heritage site in 1987. Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows.
Origin of the style, salient features of art and architecture origin of the style the hoysala temple art and architecture is an important architectural feature of indian art history in general and karnataka in particular. So it is hard to find contrasting features between these styles. Dravidian temple architecture the dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. Vesara and hoysala style of temple architecture glimpses of history. Durga temple at aihole, karnataka is a prominent example of. Unlike the nagara temple, the dravida temple is enclosed within a compound wall. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed. Vesara style had combined features of both nagara school and dravidian school and resulted in a hybridised style. The activity is mostly centred on bhubaneshwar, which alone contains hundreds of temples. Narrate the influence of muslim art in chalukya temple architecture. Vesara style does not have an independent origin of its own and said to be an outgrowth of dravida style. The main style of hindu temple architecture in india had its modest beginning precisely from the mauryan rule i. It is the hindu temple where the contact between man and gods take place and it is also where a man progresses from the world of illusion to. Temple architecture in india ncert notes most of the art and architectural remains that survive from ancient and medieval india are religious in nature.
Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design layout. You could say nagara and dravida styles merge into a new stylized form and the term vesara is ge. The origin of the hindu temple is said to be the ancient basic circle of stones within which one cherished holy relics, human or divine. Temples featuring dravida style architecture a brief description of the most important temples built by the pallava rulers that feature dravida style architecture is given as follows. The buildings in the deccan region are hybridized style, which contain both elements from nagara and dravida architectural styles and is known in some ancient texts as the vesara style not all temples of deccan are vesara type. Rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber. Vesara school of temple architecture, hoyasala school of. Find out the brief summary on the schools of temple architecture in india and discussed about the distinct features which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc. Posts about vesara style temple architecture written by hindutemplesguide.
The earliest and most remarkable evidence of indian architecture is found in the cities of the harappan civilization which boast of a unique town planning. Jan 27, 2019 vesara style of temple architecture flourished under the later chalukya rulers in the 7th century a. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. These temples usually have gopurams, which are large towers over the entrances. Temples styles in north india nagara style iasmania. Ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. Vesara the style of architecture which mixed nagara and dravida styles.
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